Important Terms

1. Gen Z (Born between 1997-2012)

● “Generation Z” or ‘Gen Z’ refers to the generation born between 1997 and 2012. They are called “digital natives” because they grew up with the internet, smartphones and social media from a young age.

● Other names of Gen Z are “Zoomers”, “iGeneration”/ “iGen” and “Post Millennials”.● Gen Z succeeded Millennials (born between 1981 and 1996) and preceded Generation Alpha (born between 2012 and 2024). Gen Z is known for being diverse, open-minded, adaptable, socially aware, valuing individuality, inclusivity, and technology in their daily lives.

● These are the first generation to have the internet, social media (YouTube, TikTok, Instagram), and smartphones as a constant part of their lives from childhood, influencing communication and consumption.

● Gen Z is increasingly worried about its future due to unemployment, economic insecurity, rising living costs, and a lack of opportunities. In countries like Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka etc, this frustration has led to aggressive youth-led protests and confrontational political mobilisation. These actions reflect a generation that is politically aware, impatient with slow reforms, corruption, nepotism, favoritism, etc, and willing to challenge authority through assertive means when prospects of jobs, dignity, and social justice remain uncertain.

2. Gen Alfa (Born between 2012-2024)

● Generation Alpha (Gen Alpha) refers to the people born between 2012 and 2024.

● They are the “first generation to be entirely born in the 21st century”. The term “Generation Alpha” was coined by social researcher Mark McCrindle, with “Alpha” symbolising a new beginning.

● Gen Alpha is the first generation to be exposed to the internet and social media from birth, growing up with smartphones, tablets, and digital platforms as an integral part of daily life.

● Many Gen Alpha children will eventually work in jobs that do not yet exist, driven by AI, robotics, green technology, and the digital economy. Adaptability, creativity, and lifelong learning will be more important than static skill sets.

3. Gen Beta (Born between 2025-2039)

● Generation Beta (Gen Beta) refers to people born between 2025 and 2039.

● The name “Beta” reflects a continuation of the Greek letter naming system and symbolises a generation growing up in a world that is no longer experimenting with technology but living inside it.

● Gen Beta will be the first generation born into a fully AI-integrated society where automation and smart technologies are fully integrated into everyday life, not as innovations but as basic infrastructure.

● They will experience highly personalised, AI-driven education, immersive digital environments and advanced healthcare supported by data and biotechnology. Their upbringing will likely emphasise sustainability, ethical use of technology and global citizenship as they inherit a world facing climate challenges and rapid technological change.